Potentials Of Coffee Plantation In Bengkulu Province (part 3 - Regional Potential)

Coffee is one of the leading commodities besides oil palm and rubber. Most of the domestic coffee production is produced from smallholder plantations. In 2010 the area of ​​national people's coffee reached 1,162,810 hectares, in 2015 the area increased to 1,183,244 hectares. However, it is estimated that coffee area in 2017 will decrease by 0.3% compared to 2015 (Ditjenbun, 2016). Despite the ups and downs of national coffee, coffee is still the prima donna in contributing sources of income for the country and coffee planters in particular. One of the national coffee centers is Bengkulu Province. In 2015 the area of ​​people's coffee in Bengkulu Province reached 90,480 hectares with a production of 56,416 tons. If you look at these figures, the productivity of coffee plantation in Bengkulu is only around 0.6 tons per hectare per year. Coffee production can still be increased by good cultivation.

Potentials Of Coffee Plantation In Bengkulu Province (part 2 - Robusta Coffee Kepahiang & Rejang Lebong.)

Robusta coffee production in Bengkulu in 2015 around 54,921 tons produced from several districts, namely Bengkulu Utara, Mukomuko, Rejang Lebong, Kepahiang, Lebong, Bengkulu Selatan, Seluma, Kaur and Bengkulu Tengah.

The dominant coffee production is from Kepahiang Regency, which is 18,300 tons. Meanwhile, Rejang Lebong District produced 13,421 tons of coffee. The area is 86,862 ha and the average productivity is 745 kg / ha / year (Ditjenbun, 2017). Thus, the contribution of coffee produced by Bengkulu Province is now 12% of the total national coffee production. In order to increase the contribution of coffee from Mandailing Natal Regency, it is necessary to develop coffee, especially Arabica coffee, by taking into account the various potential productive resources available in the region.

Indonesia and coffee (part 3)

Indonesia is an agricultural country with a large portion of the population and the country's income depends on agricultural commodities, including plantations and livestock. In the plantation sector, various commodities are the backbone of the government in running its economy. Based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture, the value of plantation commodity exports in 2016 reached Rp 341.7 trillion or around 22% of total state revenue. That number increased in 2017 to Rp 432.4 trillion or around 26.5%. The economic growth is the contribution of eight main agricultural commodities, namely coconut, rubber, palm oil, tea, nutmeg, tobacco, cocoa and coffee. In 2017, coffee contributed IDR 15.89 trillion in revenue from the country's foreign exchange, while coffee contribution in the previous year was IDR 13.42 trillion. In other words, the contribution of coffee to foreign exchange in the last two years has increased by 17.8%.

Potentials Of Coffee Plantation In Bengkulu Province (part 1 - Prolog)

Coffee has become one of the important commodities traded on the world market. The end of the quota system that was put in place in international coffee agreements (International Coffee Agreements, ICAs) has caused significant changes in various countries of the world coffee producers. At present, Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producer in the world, after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia. Before the 2000s, Colombia and Indonesia respectively were the second and third coffee producers in the world. However, Vietnam has managed to significantly increase coffee production since the late 1990s. These conditions make Vietnam the second largest coffee producing country in the world, after Brazil.

Geographical Indications (IG) Part 4 (Beneficiaries & Expected Results)

Beneficiaries

The beneficiaries of the Geographical Indication-based Plantation Product Development Optimization activities are farmers / farmer groups as product producers as well as traders and exporters of agricultural products as well as the local community as a whole.

Geographical Indications (IG) Part 3 (output & outcome)

Output

• Improved understanding and common perceptions for the parties, especially in the plantation environment regarding the importance of Geographical Indications (IG) both at the center and in the regions as well as business actors for the specific commodities of the region that have superiority and uniqueness.
• Increased added value and competitiveness of IG certified plantation products

Geographical Indications (IG) Part 2 (Purpose and Target)

Purpose

• Increase the added value and competitiveness of plantation products based on Geographical Indications in the domestic and international markets
• Provide input for farmers / producers / business actors and development agencies in the context of developing plantation products that have obtained certificates of geographical indication.
• Facilitating communication between IG related actors in developing marketing access for Geographical Indications products.

Geographical Indications (IG) Part 1 (general description)

Tropical Indonesia has the gift of diverse natural resources so that the agricultural sector is rich in various agricultural products. In particular, agricultural products produced in each region also have certain characteristics or characteristics that are the superiority of agricultural products from each region. Besides having various types of agricultural products, similar commodities produced in each region also have distinctive aromas, flavors, colors, sizes and textures that are the competitive advantages of these products.

Indonesian agricultural products are known for their taste with high quality quality. However, efforts to maintain the quality of product quality are not enough, but also very necessary efforts to provide adequate legal protection of these products so as to avoid being recognized or claimed by Indonesian countries of agricultural products. Geographical Indications are Intellectual Property Rights on a product that has characteristics and advantages that distinguish it from products from other regions, which have been protected or certified in accordance with applicable procedures.

Indonesia and coffee (part 2)

Coffee in Indonesia is generally dominated by two varieties, robusta and arabica, each of which has its own characteristics. Robusta is preferred for industrial market destinations, which have more potential to be traded at the international level due to high volume and market demand. While Arabica is aimed more at the consumption of local people, it is also dominated by small market pockets that have only grown rapidly in recent years. Even so, the market growth and demand for certain arabica coffee are not comparable to the Robusta coffee market. This is because the Arabica coffee market is absorbed more by local consumers who are concentrated in big cities along with the emergence of the lifestyle of consuming single origin Arabica coffee which encourages the development of the cafes that provide coffee. While the Robusta coffee market remains strong with the aim of the processed coffee product market industry which has a wider market that is not only consumed by urban communities, but also in rural areas. This condition can be said to apply globally, which is why the level of demand for Robusta coffee tends to be high and stable in line with population growth.

Indonesia and coffee (part 1)

Coffee is one of the national strategic plantation commodities. Coffee began to be planted by the Indonesian people in the early 17th century when the VOC distributed Arabica coffee seeds in Indonesian regions such as Batavia, Cirebon, West Java, and several coastal areas on the island of Java to rival the Middle Eastern countries which at that time controlled the international coffee market.

At the end of the 18th century, Indonesian coffee plantations were attacked by an epidemic of HV (Hemileia Vastatrix) which almost destroyed most of the Arabica coffee plantations. To deal with this, Robusta varieties were introduced in the early 19th century. Robusta coffee varieties have the advantage of resistance to HV disease. In addition, robusta is also more suitable to be planted in the lowlands with a higher level of productivity. Coffee cultivation in the lowlands is also a plus because of closer access to the coast, making it easier for logistic routes which at that time relied on ports.

Coffee plant classification

Coffee plant classification

Coffee is part of the family rubiaceae, one of the largest families in the world of plants. Rubiaceae consists of 500 genera and earlier than 6500 species. The coffea genus itself consists of 25 species with features of medium trunking, leaf color and size varying to a certain degree with an average oval shape, and produce white flowers and polished cherries in red or yellow with varying sizes. The average coffee fruit is dicot (has 2 seeds), and only about 5% of the fruit contains monocots (single seeded) which are then known as peaberry (lanang coffee). The coffee plant itself is a native plant of Kaffa, Ethiopia, Africa. At this time, coffee plants have been cultivated in about 70 countries, most of which are located on the equator such as the regions of Central and South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia.